5-Hour System Design Course: Complete Interview Preparation

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5-Hour System Design Course: Complete Interview Preparation =========== Timestamps: =========== INTRODUCTION & REQUIREMENTS 0:00:00 Welcome & Course Overview 0:02:12 Why This Framework Works 0:03:34 Interview Framework: Start with Requirements 0:06:30 Functional Requirements 0:09:15 Non-Functional Requirements 0:11:45 Scale Requirements (500M DAU) 0:14:05 Out-of-Scope Features 0:17:10 Requirements Summary CAPACITY ESTIMATION & ARCHITECTURE 0:19:00 Why Capacity Estimation Matters 0:21:30 Traffic Calculations (QPS) 0:24:00 Read Traffic: 100K QPS 0:26:00 Write Traffic: 1K QPS 0:27:30 Read:Write Ratio (100:1) 0:30:00 Storage Estimation (73 PB/Year) 0:35:00 Bandwidth Estimation (231 GB/sec) 0:39:00 High-Level Architecture Overview 0:44:00 Microservices Architecture 0:47:00 Data Flow Walkthrough 0:50:00 Cache Hit vs Cache Miss Paths 0:52:00 Architecture Summary DATABASE DESIGN 0:54:00 Database Design Overview 0:57:00 Users Table Schema & Indexes 1:02:00 Posts Table Schema 1:07:00 Follows Table (Social Graph) 1:11:00 Likes & Comments Tables 1:14:00 SQL vs NoSQL Decision 1:17:00 Database Sharding (User ID, 1000 Shards) 1:20:00 Cross-Shard Queries 1:23:00 Resharding Strategies API DESIGN 1:24:00 API Design Principles (RESTful) 1:27:00 User Management APIs 1:31:00 Post APIs 1:34:00 Feed API 1:37:00 Social Interaction APIs 1:40:00 Cursor-Based Pagination 1:42:00 JWT Authentication & Rate Limiting 1:44:00 Error Handling FEED GENERATION ALGORITHM 1:45:00 The Feed Generation Challenge 1:48:00 Why Naive Approaches Fail 1:51:00 Fan-Out on Write (Push Model) 1:55:00 Fan-Out on Read (Pull Model) 1:59:00 Hybrid Approach (Instagram's Solution) 2:03:00 Celebrity Problem (10K Follower Threshold) 2:06:00 Ranking Algorithm 2:09:00 Complete Feed Generation Flow 2:12:00 Latency Breakdown & Optimization MEDIA STORAGE & CDN 2:15:00 Media Storage Challenge (73 PB/Year) 2:18:00 Why Database Storage Fails 2:21:00 Object Storage Solution (S3/Azure Blob) 2:25:00 Storage Hierarchy & Organization 2:29:00 Async Image Processing Pipeline 2:33:00 Thumbnail Generation (3 Sizes) 2:36:00 CDN Strategy (80% Cache Hit) 2:39:00 Lifecycle Policies (Hot → Warm → Cold) 2:42:00 Cost Optimization SCALING PATTERNS 2:44:00 Scaling Overview 2:47:00 Application Tier: Stateless Servers 2:52:00 Load Balancing & Health Checks 2:57:00 Auto-Scaling Configuration 3:02:00 Database Tier Scaling 3:08:00 Cache Tier: Redis Clustering 3:13:00 Async Processing with Queues 3:17:00 Rate Limiting (Token Bucket) 3:21:00 Sliding Window Algorithm TRADE-OFFS & COST ANALYSIS 3:23:00 Key Trade-Offs Overview 3:26:00 Consistency vs Availability (CAP) 3:30:00 SQL vs NoSQL Trade-Offs 3:34:00 Fan-Out Strategies Comparison 3:38:00 Sync vs Async Processing 3:42:00 Denormalization for Performance 3:47:00 Cost Analysis (~$57M/Month) 3:52:00 Cost Optimization Strategies 3:57:00 Infrastructure Savings ($40-50M/Year) INTERVIEW STRATEGY 4:00:00 45-Minute Interview Breakdown 4:04:00 Interview Tips: What to Do 4:09:00 Think Out Loud & Ask Questions 4:13:00 Drawing Diagrams Effectively 4:17:00 Mistake #1: Skipping Requirements 4:20:00 Mistake #2: No Capacity Estimation 4:23:00 Mistake #3: Ignoring Trade-Offs 4:26:00 Mistake #4: Surface-Level Design 4:29:00 Mistake #5: Not Adapting to Hints 4:32:00 Mistake #6: Buzzword Overload 4:35:00 Mistake #7: No Error Handling PRACTICE & PREPARATION 4:37:00 6-8 Week Study Plan 4:41:00 Week 1-2: Fundamentals 4:45:00 Week 3-4: Practice Problems 4:49:00 Week 5-6: Mock Interviews 4:53:00 Week 7-8: Refinement 4:57:00 Interview Day Checklist 5:01:00 Recommended Resources 5:05:00 Course Summary & Final Thoughts ========= About me: ========= I'm Mukul Raina, a Senior Software Engineer and Tech Lead at Microsoft, with a Master's in Computer Science from the University of Oxford. On this channel, I create technical deep dives on System Design and ML/AI architectures. #SystemDesign #SystemDesignInterview #SoftwareEngineering #FAANG #SystemDesignCourse #SeniorEngineer #TechInterview #DistributedSystems