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Throttling in JavaScript is a powerful frontend performance optimization technique used to control how frequently a function executes during continuous events like scroll, mousemove, keypress, or window resize. Instead of allowing the function to run hundreds of times per second, throttling ensures it runs once every fixed interval, making your JavaScript, React, and Next.js applications faster and smoother. This concept is widely used in modern frontend development, especially when building React components, handling DOM events, improving UI performance, avoiding unnecessary re-renders, and optimizing API calls. Throttling helps developers create high-performance web apps, enhances user experience, reduces lag, and prevents performance bottlenecks in large JavaScript projects. Whether you're working on React Hooks, Custom Hooks, event listeners, infinite scroll, search filters, animations, or scroll-based effects, throttling is essential for writing clean, efficient, and scalable frontend code. Every JavaScript developer, React developer, and web developer should master throttling and its comparison with debouncing to build professional-grade applications.